The Unassuming Economist

From a paper by Maridueña-Larrea, Ángel; Martín-Román, Ángel; Porras-Arena, Sylvina:

“This study analyses the relationship between unemployment and economic growth at the
international level, addressing the nature and decomposition of the Okun coefficient. Using World
Bank data from 173 countries between 1991 and 2019, econometric techniques including
decompositions and spatial dependence analysis are applied. First, the validity of Okun’s law is
confirmed, noting the heterogeneity of the coefficient across countries, suggesting the need for
context-specific approaches to improve labour dynamics. Second, the evidence underlines the
importance of labour productivity over labour supply as a key determinant of the unemploymentoutput relationship. Finally, the identification of spatial patterns highlights the interdependence
between neighbouring economies, justifying coordinated strategies at the regional level to boost
employment. These results provide valuable guidelines for the design of more effective public
policies, adapted to the productive and labour realities of each country and capable of exploiting
of the synergies arising from economic integration.”

On cross-country:

• House prices and rents went up in Q4 2024 – Eurostat
• When investors move in: new dynamics in European housing markets – ECB
• Public Housing Is the Only Cure for Europe’s Housing Crisis. Throughout Europe, states have spent decades running down the structures of public investment and planning that once made housing accessible for working-class people. A recharged model of public housing is essential to address the resulting crisis. – Jacobin

Working papers and conferences:

• Asylum Seekers and the Rise in Homelessness – NBER
• Sorting to Expensive Cities – NBER
• Revisiting housing asset pricing: uncertainty and business-cycle factors in US state-level housing markets – IDEAS
• Affordable housing, unaffordable credit? Concentration and high-cost lending for manufactured homes – BIS
• Homeowners care about inflation, renters less so – VoxEU
• Call for papers: PSE 2025 Conference – Housing affordability: what is new? – Institute of Public Finance

On Australia and New Zealand:

• [Australia] Election 2025: Evaluating the housing policies – Grattan Institute
• [Australia] Market chaos threatens housing recovery: analysts – Financial Review
• [Australia] A grab bag of campaign housing policies. But will they fix the affordability crisis beyond the election? – The Conversation
• [Australia] Australia’s median home value has increased by about $230,000 in past five years, data shows. House prices have jumped 39.1% in the five years to March largely due to demand-supply imbalances, CoreLogic says – The Guardian
• [Australia] Housing affordability is a problem for Australian foreign policy. A massive mortgage reduces our willingness to take risks, and that can include anything from travel to investing overseas. – Lowy Institute

On other countries:  

• [Argentina] Argentina’s zombie mortgage market is coming back to life – Reuters
• [Canada] Assessing the British Columbia Government’s Initiatives to Make Housing More Affordable – Fraser Institute
• [Canada] ‘Deeply disappointed’: Ontario ministers warn of rising housing costs in U.S. due to softwood lumber duties – Bloomberg
• [Germany] House prices in city centers fall more sharply than in other neighborhoods – KIEL
• [Ireland] House prices in Ireland continue to rise as shortage drives demand higher. Sherry FitzGerald says second-hand home prices rose 2.3% between January and March – The Irish Times
• [Mauritius] Mauritius (National) Property Price Index: Houses and Apartments – Global Property Guide
• [Spain] Improving housing Crisis del alquiler en Europa: las grandes ciudades españolas lideran las subidas de los precios de habitaciones y estudios. La crisis de los alquileres se ha extendido por toda Europa pero en ningún lugar los precios suben tanto como en grandes ciudades españolas como Madrid, Barcelona o Valencia – El Mundo
• [Spain] Spain tackles housing ‘social emergency’ as rents double in a decade – BBC
• [Spain] Thousands in Spain join nationwide march to protest against housing crisis. Organisers say 150,000 joined protest in Madrid urging the government to ‘end the housing racket’ and to demand access to affordable housing – The Guardian
• [Spain] US buyers pay highest prices to snap up Spanish property – Reuters
• [United Kingdom] Should young people raid their pensions to buy a property? Allowing Gen Z early access to retirement savings is not going to build more houses – FT
• [United Kingdom] UK mortgages: warning over big fees as homebuying season arrives. The sums lenders charge to secure the best rates have risen in the past five years – and can make a loan much more expensive – The Guardian
• [United Kingdom] How looser affordability rules may widen home ownership in the UK. Mortgage lenders encouraged by regulator to loosen affordability tests so would-be homebuyers can borrow more – The Guardian
• [United Kingdom] Mortgage payment shock adds to strain on UK consumers. Rate increase comes at a time when borrowers are already having to tighten their belts – FT
• [United Kingdom] ‘Completely disproportionate’: UK tenants feel the bite of ‘pet rent’. Many pet-owning renters are asked to pay surcharges – but the upcoming renters reform bill will require landlords to reconsider their stance – The Guardian
• [United Kingdom] UK house prices fall as market feels tax break hangover – Reuters
• [United Kingdom] UK house prices slide after rush to beat stamp duty changes. Average price fell by 0.5% in March to £296,699, the steepest decline since March last year, Halifax says – The Guardian
• [United Kingdom] UK house prices fall unexpectedly in March. The 0.5% contraction according to Halifax contrasts with economists’ bets of a 0.1% rise – FT
• [United Kingdom] UK Housing Market Risks Being Derailed by Trade War, RICS Says – Bloomberg

On prices, rent, and mortgage:    

• ICE Mortgage Monitor: Home Prices Continue to Cool – Calculated Risk
• Housing Finance Watch (Week 14, 2025) – AEI
• Asking Rents Mostly Unchanged Year-over-year – Calculated Risk
• Why the US mortgage market is addicted to big government. Government guarantees on securitised home loans make them generally low risk — but Trump’s policymaking raises concerns – FT
• Event: Mortgage Giants at a Crossroads: Would Re-Privatization of Freddie & Fannie Help or Hurt Housing? On April 17 – Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies
• Refinancing Continues to Drive Mortgage Activity in March – NAHB  
• US home price insights – April 2025 – Cotality

On sales, permits, starts, and supply:    

• Housing market power shift: 7 states where buyers are gaining leverage. ResiClub analyzed end of March 2025 housing inventory data just released from Realtor.com. Here’s what it shows. – Fast Company
• March 2025 Monthly Housing Market Trends Report – Realtor.com
• Homebuilders got a bit of a break from Trump’s tariffs, but the housing market could still suffer. Even as lumber and other building materials were exempted from tariffs, market uncertainty could cause buyers and sellers to rethink their plans. – Yahoo Finance
• 58 housing markets where inventory has spiked, and homebuyers have gained power. Among the nation’s 200 largest housing markets, these 58 metro areas now have active inventory at or above 2019 pre-pandemic levels. – Fast Company
• Almost Half of the Owner-Occupied Homes Built Before 1980 – NAHB
• 1st Look at Local Housing Markets in March – Calculated Risk
• Part 1: Current State of the Housing Market; Overview for mid-April 2025 – Calculated Risk
• US houses are shrinking as inflation pushes ‘McMansions’ out of reach. Even in Texas, the American dream of home ownership is being downsized because of an affordability crisis – FT
• The Case for Single-Stair Buildings. How a Code Reform Could Make Housing More Affordable—Without Sacrificing Safety – City of Yes
• How DC densified. Washington, DC, has avoided the worst price rises that have plagued other American cities. Arlington might be the reason. – The Works in Progress Newsletter
• Remodeling Market Sentiment Down in First Quarter – NAHB

On impact of tariffs on housing:

• Trump Pauses Tariffs on Most Countries for 90 Days, Sending Stocks Soaring and Relieving Pressure on Housing Market – Realtor.com
• Trump’s Tariffs Are Expected To Raise New-Home Costs by $9,200—and These States Will Feel the Most Pain – Realtor.com
• Tarek El Moussa Says Homebuilders and First-Time Buyers Will Be Hit Hardest by Trump’s Tariffs – Realtor.com
• Trump’s Tariffs Will Affect Homebuilding—but Mortgage Rates Inch Down Another Week – Realtor.com
• Mortgage rates sink on Trump tariffs, but other costs may deter buyers – Axios
• Will tariffs affect mortgage rates? What to know about the housing market. Experts say it’s not immediately clear how President Trump’s new tariffs will affect borrowers, but building costs might rise and volatility may follow. – Washington Post
• Trump’s Trade Wars Are Having a Very Unexpected Effect on Housing. But Not Where You Think. It’s the kind of bold federal plan that progressive Americans can only dream about. – Slate
• Tariffs Threaten to Push US Home Insurance Rates Even Higher – Bloomberg
• Why China Tariffs Are Bad News for US Housing Market – Newsweek
• Warren to Mortgage Bankers Association: Trump’s Trade War is Driving Up Housing Costs Amidst Housing Affordability Crisis – US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
• What Trump’s Tariffs Mean for Mortgage Rates – Time
• What a Recession Could Mean for the Housing Market – Realtor.com

On other developments:    

• Americans Have $35 Trillion in Housing Wealth—and It’s Costing Them. Surging home equity is all the more important in a declining stock market. But it’s come with rising property taxes and higher hurdles for borrowing. – Wall Street Journal
• Housing Agency Aims to Relocate Its DC Headquarters. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development intends to leave its aging Brutalist building in Washington, DC. – Bloomberg
• Tariffs and Car Buying: The New, Unexpected Barrier to Homeownership – Realtor.com
• In 15 Years, 80,000 Homes in the New York Area May Be Lost to Flooding. The metro region’s housing shortage is acute. But by 2040, dozens of neighborhoods and suburbs are likely to have lost thousands of homes to floods, a new report found. – New York Times
• How Climate Change Could Make Homes Disappear. In the next 15 years, the New York area could lose more than 80,000 homes to floods, worsening the housing shortage, according to a new report. – New York Times
• Will the U.S. Housing Crisis Be Exploited for a Massive Public Lands Sell-Off? Some politicians are using the nation’s housing affordability problems as a pretense to sell off public lands—an extreme agenda that puts America’s treasured lands and waters at risk without substantively addressing housing needs. A new initiative from the Trump administration publicly promises restraint, while specific proposals from Capitol Hill tell a different story. – Center for American Progress

From a paper by Keyang Zhan & Zhengning Pu:

“Firms, in response to risk response, tend to avoid and transfer the risks associated with climate policy uncertainty (CPU) as much as possible, which in turn has a profound impact on household income. We use Chinese prefecture-level cities as the research sample to examine the economic impact of CPU on income inequality. We find that (1) CPU exacerbates income inequality by promoting agglomeration effect, technological bias effect, and automation effect. (2) The negative impact of CPU on income inequality is not obvious in the central region, high administrative level, high capital allocation ability, low labour allocation ability and resource-based cities. (3) Shock duration, effects (as opposed to climate physical risks), and other impacts are examined. Command-and-control environmental regulations can mitigate the potential impacts of CPU, whereas market-based environmental regulations have limited effectiveness. This study examines the potential impacts of CPU on balanced development and high-quality development, providing new insights for the formulation of climate policies and the management of policy risks associated with climate change.”

From a paper by Cephas Naanwaab:

“Recent trends in inequality have raised concerns among researchers and policymakers globally. The role of globalization, one of the leading forces driving this trend, continues to be intensely debated in academic and policy circles. Invoking standard trade theory, this paper analyses whether and the extent to which trade liberalization has contributed to the recent trends in inequality. The approach and findings of the paper are novel: previous studies of trade liberalization’s impact on inequality do not explicitly control the direction of trade. The empirical results show that trade liberalization is associated with decreasing income inequality overall, but contingent on the direction of trade, it has opposing effects: North–North and South–South trade are inequality-reducing while North–South trade is inequality-increasing. Simply put, liberalizing trade between countries of similar developmental levels does not raise inequality. This paper affirms, using recent data, that trade with developing countries raises inequality in developed countries. Additionally, it finds that North–South trade (particularly imports from high-income to low-income countries) may also raise inequality in developing countries, contrary to Heckscher–Ohlin–Stolper–Samuelson model predictions. Skill-biased technical change, a consequence of trade liberalization between North and South, is the main mechanism driving inequality increases in developing countries.”