The Unassuming Economist

From a paper by Martin Boďa, Mariana Považanová, and Michaela Tichá:

“For 38 OECD countries during the period 1991–2022, the paper estimates time-varying trajectories of unemployment-based and employment-based Okun coefficients and studies their synchronicity. Schlicht’s VC method is utilized to estimate Okun coefficients and time-series clustering is applied to identify groups of economies with synchronous business cycle characteristics. The findings defy two prevalent beliefs of Okun’s law since many countries display constant or almost constant trajectories of the (un)employment-output sensitivity, and for many countries Okun’s law need not be stronger in a downturn. Furthermore, countries do not synchronize in their business cycle dynamics as shown in disparate trajectories of Okun coefficients, which argues against a single one-size-fits-all stabilization policy, certainly in less homogeneous economic blocks. Finally, there is strong evidence for labour market flows into and outside the labour force that are associated with informal sector size and translated into lesser sensitivity of official labour market variables across the business cycle.”

On cross-country:

• Real Estate Ranked: The World’s Hottest Luxury Housing Markets – Visual Capitalist
• The lost art of building cities – Work in Progress Newsletter

Working papers and conferences:  

• The Effect of Land Supply for New Homes on Residential Investment and House Prices – Boston Fed
• Housing Capital and Intergenerational Mobility in the United States – NBER
• Towards a Methodology for Measuring Rental Property Ownership in the United States – NBER
• Where Are the Economies of Scale in Homebuilding? – Construction Physics
• Tracking the Shift from Mortgage Refinancings to HELOCs – St. Louis Fed
• International Real Estate Conference on November 24-26 – ESPI

On China:

• China’s housing market could have further to fall. To make real estate attractive for investors, prices must go lower – FT
• China’s real estate funk drags down yet another sector: property service providers – Reuters

On Australia and New Zealand:

• [Australia] Yes Australia’s house prices may fall – but the decades of unchecked property price growth were the true policy failure – The Guardian
• [Australia] House prices are falling in Australia. That’s a good thing – if you believe housing is a basic human need – The Guardian
• [Australia] House prices are falling in Australia. That’s a good thing – if you believe housing is a basic human need. Labor’s budget changes are not to blame for the recent dip in property prices. But the changes will help move housing away from investors – and that should be celebrated – The Guardian
• [New Zealand] New Zealand House Prices Stall as Buyers Remain Disinterested – Bloomberg
• [New Zealand] New Zealand Home Building Hits 10-Year Low as House Prices Stall – Bloomberg

On other countries:  

• [Canada] A 20% Housing Drop Still Leaves Canadians Locked Out of Market – Bloomberg
• [Canada] Cutting development fees alone won’t solve housing affordability, CMHC says – The Globe and Mail
• [Kazakhstan] Homes and Hopes: Mobilizing Private Capital for Affordable Housing and Family Investment in Kazakhstan – World Bank
• [Kenya] Kenya’s Affordable Housing Drive is Leaving Many People Homeless. Historic neighborhoods are being razed to make way for high rises, and the government doesn’t have a plan for relocating evicted residents. – Bloomberg
• [United Kingdom] No, now is not the time for UK rent controls. Three think-tanks are promoting curbs to rental growth — but that horse has already bolted – FT
• [United Kingdom] UK house prices fall in May amid Iran turmoil. Higher mortgage rates blamed for Nationwide index’s first monthly decline this year – FT
• [United Kingdom] UK monthly house prices fall for first time since start of Iran war, Nationwide says – Reuters

From a paper by Nezir Köse, and Emre Ünal:

“This study analyzes the impact of the oil price on income inequality in five major oil-exporting economies: Iran, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Russia, and Venezuela. Utilizing a panel cointegration approach alongside a country-specific SVAR framework, this research examines both the short- and long-run dynamics of the Gini coefficient to determine whether resource dependence shapes distributional outcomes. The empirical results reveal a significant, albeit modest, long-run relationship where sustained increases in the oil price contribute to reducing income inequality. However, the panel estimation finds no significant short-run effect, suggesting that immediate price shocks do not instantly alter distributional structures. The SVAR analysis uncovers substantial cross-country heterogeneity that aggregate models overlook. Variance decomposition indicates that oil price shocks account for a substantial share of inequality dynamics in Kazakhstan and Nigeria, whereas Russia, Iran, and Venezuela exhibit distinct structural adjustment patterns that implicitly reflect their macroeconomic and institutional architectures. Furthermore, GDP per capita demonstrates a consistent influence across both time horizons, underscoring the vital role of broader economic performance. These findings suggest that while oil revenues can act as a long-run stabilizing buffer, they are insufficient as a standalone solution. Consequently, policymakers should prioritize economic diversification and institutional reforms to foster more resilient, equitable growth trajectories independent of volatile global commodity cycles.”

On prices, rent, and mortgage:    

• New Home vs. Existing Home Prices in Q1 2026 – NAHB
• Freddie Mac House Price Index Increased in April; Up 1.4% Year-over-year. Punta Gorda House Prices Down 21% from Recent Peak, Austin Down 17% – Calculated Risk
• Mortgage rates are hovering at their highest point since last August. The 30-year fixed rate climbed to 6.53% this week as uncertainty over the Iran war weighs on borrowers and lenders – Quartz
• US new home sales slump in April amid higher mortgage rates, prices – Reuters
• Zillow downgrades its home price forecast across 400-plus housing markets—see the data. Zillow predicts that national housing affordability may improve slightly as U.S. income growth outpaces U.S. home price growth. – Fast Company
• A.I. Boom Upends San Francisco Housing Market. The Bay Area boasts the highest median home prices in the country and experienced the sharpest annual price increases. – New York Times
• Mortgage Lenders Shift Focus to Enhancing the Consumer Experience – Fannie Mae
• Single-Family AD&C Lending Edges Higher in Q1 – NAHB
• Asking Rents Continue to Decline Year-over-year – Calculated Risk
• House Price Appreciation by State and Metro Area in the First Quarter of 2026 – NAHB

On sales, permits, starts, and supply:     

• New Home Sales Decrease to 622,000 Annual Rate in April. Median New Home Price is Down 15% from the Peak due to Change in Mix – Calculated Risk
• Housing Supply Is Not Primarily a Financing Problem – AEI
• L.A.’s Plan To Build Half a Million New Homes Is Drawing Major Developer Interest – Realtor.com
• he Barriers to Building More Housing – New York Times
• HBGI Q1 2026: Single-Family Construction Slips Across All Geographies – NAHB
• Slight Increase for Construction Job Openings – NAHB
• Highest Paid Occupations in Construction in 2025 – NAHB

On other developments:    

• New Home Sales Down in April on Affordability Concerns – NAHB  
• Real-Estate Agents Are Quitting the Slow Housing Market. In the fourth year of a struggling market, even real-estate professionals who made it this far are reaching a breaking point – Wall Street Journal
• By 2064, the Global Population Could Be Halved in a Worst-Case Scenario—but Housing Affordability Poses a Far More Immediate Risk – Realtor.com
• Lenders and Real Estate Agents Still Beat Online Sources as Top Mortgage Influencers… For Now – Fannie Mae
• Louisiana is criminalizing a housing problem. Without addressing the underlying housing shortage, the bill risks creating a cycle of repeat arrests that effectively turns jail cells into expensive temporary shelters. – Reason
• An Interview with Jim the Realtor – Calculated Risk
• Berkshire Is Convinced the American Dream of Homeownership Will Stay Alive. Under its new chief executive, Greg Abel, Berkshire raises its bet on a market recovery by adding another housing company to its portfolio – Wall Street Journal
• Over 100,000 Tech Workers Have Been Laid Off This Year Already. Where Will They Move Next? – Realtor.com
• This Housing Bill Is Progress, Not Perfection. The House-amended 21st Century Road to Housing Act will has a meaningful effect, increasing housing supply across the country. – Wall Street Journal
• The AI Premium: How AI Boom Is Reshaping Bay Area Luxury Home Buying – Realtor.com
• Housing policies in Saint Paul yield mixed results, data and developers say. New Minneapolis Fed data dashboard highlights housing challenges and opportunities in Minnesota’s capital city – Minneapolis Fed
• Saint Paul Housing Dashboard. Minneapolis Fed launches new tool to inform housing policy in Saint Paul, Minnesota – Minneapolis Fed
• Unemployment and Foreclosure Rates Drive Housing Market Risk – ATTOM

From a paper by Diego Andrés Cardoso López, Jesús Antonio López Cabrera & Tatiana Isabel
Caly Amador:

“Rural employment is pivotal to achieving the SDGs but remains structurally vulnerable—marked by high informality, seasonality, and climate exposure—which may weaken the canonical growth–unemployment link posited by Okun’s Law. In Latin America, where rural economies rely on climate-sensitive activities, temperature and precipitation shocks can disrupt productivity and labor absorption, calling for a reassessment of Okun’s relationship in rural contexts. This article analyzes the relationship between rural unemployment, real income growth, and climate variability in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico from 2012 to 2024 using a Panel Vector Autoregression (P-VARX) model. Results indicate that, contrary to Okun’s prediction, real income growth does not always lower rural unemployment. Climate shocks matter: in Brazil, higher temperatures decrease unemployment in short-run; in Colombia, precipitation shocks—with lags—increase unemployment; and in Mexico, temperature shocks lift unemployment on impact before a partial correction. Human capital reduces unemployment only in Colombia. Based on this evidence, we outline four policy directions: (i) mainstream climate adaptation into rural labor policy; (ii) expand inclusive employment programs that tackle informality and low productivity while aligning skills with labor demand; (iii) invest in rural education and targeted skilling for green and youth employment; and (iv) promote territorial, multisectoral local development and job creation with strong institutional support.”