The Unassuming Economist

On prices, rent, and mortgage:    

• Map Shows Where Prices Are Dropping for Newly Built Homes as Builders Target Smaller Floor Plans – Realtor.com
• Widespread softening: Almost every major housing market is seeing softer pricing. Among the nation’s 50 largest metro-area housing markets, 49 have a weaker year-over-year home-price shift this spring than a year ago. – Fast Company
• Mortgage Rates for New Homes Are Typically Lower, New Research Finds – Realtor.com
• Residential Mortgages Experience Weaker Demand in First Quarter – NAHB
• Rent Prices Are Falling—but These 5 Coastal Cities Remain the Least Affordable – Realtor.com
• MBA: Mortgage Delinquencies Increased Slightly in Q1 2025 – Calculated Risk  
• Q1 NY Fed Report: Mortgage Originations by Credit Score, Delinquencies Increase, Foreclosures Increase – Calculated Risk
• 2 Southern States Lead the U.S. With the Highest Number of Foreclosures – Realtor.com

On sales, permits, starts, and supply:    

• 37 housing markets where sellers hold the most power heading into summer 2025. Among the nation’s 200 largest housing markets, 37 still have significantly less housing inventory than they did in April 2019. – Fast Company
• The Spring Home Sales Season Is Shaping Up to Be a Dud. Inventory is rising, but high home prices and mortgage rates are putting off buyers during the prime selling season – Wall Street Journal
• Weekly Housing Trends View—Data for Week Ending May 3, 2025 – Realtor.com
• Home Listings Surge to 6-Year High—but Cautious Buyers Hold Back – Realtor.com
• 2nd Look at Local Housing Markets in April – Calculated Risk
• New-Construction Insights: Builders Deliver Smaller and More Affordable Homes in These Metros, but Tariffs Threaten Progress – Realtor.com
• Highest Paid Occupations in Construction in 2024 – NAHB
• Part 2: Current State of the Housing Market; Overview for mid-May 2025 – Calculated Risk
• Permit Activity Declines in March 2025 – NAHB
• First-Time Home Buyers Are Struggling. That’s Bad News for Builders. Even with construction companies offering cheap mortgages, youngish people are finding it difficult to enter the market – Wall Street Journal
• What is driving up housing costs across the US? – Brookings
• Soft Spring Selling Season Takes a Toll on Builder Confidence – NAHB

On other developments:    

• What Abundance Lacks. A bestselling progressive book gets its policy all wrong. – Foreign Policy
• US House to Claw Back Biden’s Climate Law to Fund Trump Tax Cuts – Bloomberg
• What’s new in building beautifully. Interesting developments from the last two decades – The Works in Progress Newsletter

From a paper by Jorge Alvarez, and Thomas Kroen:

“This paper investigates the relationship between energy prices and inflation dynamics in the
context of the global inflation surge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a comprehensive sector-level
dataset covering over 30 countries and a local projections empirical strategy, we extend previous studies that primarily focused on single-country analyses or aggregate inflation measures. Our findings indicate that while the energy shocks of 2021–2022 were remarkable, the degree of inflation passthrough of energy shocks appears to be relatively stable over time. Moreover, we show that energy price shocks significantly influence inflation through stable sectoral channels, with structural characteristics such as energy dependence and price flexibility playing critical roles in the passthrough mechanism. These results underscore the necessity of a sectoral perspective in understanding inflationary pressures and highlight the importance of detailed data on price-setting mechanisms and intersectoral connectivity in understanding the energy-inflation passthrough.”

From a paper by Nicolas Chatelais, Arthur Stalla-Bourdillon, and Menzie D. Chinn:

“After the Covid-shock in March 2020, stock prices declined abruptly, reflecting both the
deterioration of investors’ expectations of economic activity as well as the surge in aggregate risk
aversion. In the following months however, whereas economic activity remained sluggish, equity
markets sharply bounced back. This disconnect between equity values and macro-variables can
be partially explained by other factors, namely the decline in risk-free interest rates, and, for the
US, the strong profitability of the IT sector. As a result, an econometrician trying to forecast
economic activity with aggregate stock market variables during the Covid-crisis is likely to get
poor results. The main idea of the paper is thus to rely on sectorally disaggregated equity
variables within a factor model to predict future US economic activity. We find, first, that the
factor model better predicts future economic activity compared to aggregate equity variables or to
usual benchmarks used in macroeconomic forecasting (both in-sample and out-of-sample).
Second, we show that the strong performance of the factor model comes from the fact that the
model filters out the “expected returns” component of the sectoral equity variables as well as the
foreign component of aggregate future cash flows, and that it also over-weights upstream and
“value” sectors that are found to be closely linked to the future state of the US business cycle.”

From a paper by Kirsten Sehnbruch, Rafael Carranza Navarrete, and Dante Contreras Guajardo:

“One of the most complex policy issues that developing countries will face as a result of the employment crisis caused by the Covid crisis is the question of how they can better protect the unemployed. However, the analysis of unemployment insurance (UI) in developing economies with large informal sectors is in its infancy, with few papers providing solid empirical evidence. This paper therefore makes several contributions: first, it applies Chetty’s 2008 landmark work on UI to a transition economy (Chile) and shows that the moral hazard effects expected by policy makers, who designed the system are minimal, while liquidity effects were entirely neglected. Second, it demonstrates that it is not enough merely to quantify effects such as moral hazard, but to understand their causes as unemployment generated by moral hazard or liquidity constraints has different welfare implications and should therefore result in different policies. By means of an RDD, this paper analyses the Chilean UI system using a large sample of administrative data, which allows for an extremely precise analysis of how the system works, thus providing invaluable empirical lessons for other countries.”

From a paper by William Ginna:

“This paper presents a non-linear extension of the Phillips Curve by estimating a Local Projections (LP) panel model using data from 14 countries between January 1999 and December 2023. The non-linearity arises from the asymmetric effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which alternates between El Niño and La Niña phases. The findings highlight two key dimensions of this asymmetry: slope and curvature. In terms of slope, the Phillips Curve is significantly steeper during La Niña episodes, with inflation responding more strongly and persistently to unemployment gaps. In terms of curvature, the inflation response under La Niña builds over time, reflecting non-linear propagation dynamics. In contrast, the Phillips Curve is flatter and responses are weaker and less persistent during El Niño phases. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating ENSO variability into macroeconomic models.”