The Unassuming Economist

From a new IMF working paper:

“In this paper we analyze the incidence of the VAT and its effects on the income distribution. To identify these effects, we rely on two tax reforms undertaken in Mexico that increased the VAT rate for a group of cities and left the rest unaffected. We compare the inflation rate of the affected cities with the exempted cities before and after the law changed. We find that the effect on prices is limited and conclude that the burden of the tax is indeed shared between producers and consumers. Regarding welfare, we find that the VAT is progressive in both absolute and relative terms to the overall expenditure. Finally, we show that an identical change in the VAT rate when inflation is high and persistent doubles its pass-through to inflation and its welfare loss for the average household.”

From livemint:

“The death of T. N. Srinivasan, the iconoclast who laid the intellectual groundwork for India’s economic reforms, marks the end of an era

Continue reading here.

From the IMF’s latest report on Chile:

On cross-country:

• 2018 Housing Finance in Africa Yearbook – Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa
• Pockets of risk in European Housing Markets: then and now – Central Bank of Ireland
• UN Special Rapporteur Leilani Farha on homelessness, human rights and why the lack of adequate housing is on the rise – Al Jazeera
• ULI/ PwC’s Emerging Trends in Real Estate Europe 2019 – Urban Land Institute

On the US:

• Birth Rates and Home Values: A Closer Look – Zillow
• Affordability, Disruption & Rising Interest Rates Lead Top Ten Issues Facing Real Estate – National Association of Realtors
• US Housing: As good as it gets? – ING
• When Millennials Battle Boomers Over Housing – Citylab
• Ballots for Buildings: Voters Weigh Affordable Housing Measures – The Pew Charitable Trusts
• Are median incomes actually stagnating? How we calculate housing costs affects the answer – Urban Institute
• Amazon’s real estate team did its homework – Brookings
• How Minimum Zoning Mandates Can Improve Housing Markets and Expand Opportunity – The Aspen Institute
• Resilience and housing markets: Who is it really for? – Land Use Policy

On other countries:

• [Australia] Australia’s Property Slump Casts Doubt on Household Spending – Bloomberg
• [Australia] Significant drop in auction rates set alarm bells ringing for major Australian housing markets – Global Property Guide
• [Canada] Vancouver’s complicated relationship with Chinese money – CBC
• [China] Three New Signs China’s Housing Market Slowdown Is Taking Hold – Bloomberg
• [Denmark] Party is over for apartment owners – but the Danish housing market is picking up – Danske Bank
• [Hungary] Measuring Heterogeneity of House Price Developments in Hungary, 1990–2016 – Central Bank of Hungary

Photo by Aliis Sinisalu

From a new VOX post:

“Economic mobility varies dramatically across the US. This column introduces a new interactive mapping tool that traces the roots of outcomes such as poverty and incarceration back to the neighbourhoods in which children grew up. Among the insights the data reveal are that children who grow up a few miles apart in families with comparable incomes have very different life outcomes, and that moving in early childhood to a neighbourhood with better outcomes can increase a child’s income by several thousands of dollars later in life.”

“Children who move to high-upward-mobility neighbourhoods earlier in their childhood earn more as adults, as illustrated in Figure 2. This chart shows the average income (at age 35) of children raised in low- income families who move from the Central District of Seattle, a low-upward mobility area, to Shoreline, a high upward-mobility area that is ten miles north. Children who make this move at birth earn $9,000 more per year than those who move in their 20s.”