The Unassuming Economist

From a paper by Christophe Martial Mbassi, Cyrille Michel Samba, Thérèse Elomo Zogo:

“This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about “ecological macroeconomics”. Specifically, we explore the effects of monetary policy, namely inflation targeting (IT), on energy consumption in a global sample of 145 countries between 1980 and 2017. We use various standard panel data approaches such as fixed effects (within) estimator, and two-step system GMM among others, followed by propensity score matching to address the self-selection bias inherent in IT adoption. Our results show that IT significantly increases energy consumption, and this effect goes through the macroeconomic volatility and FDI channels. Moreover, improvements in the institutional framework mitigate the effect of IT. The results also highlight the importance of central bank experience given that, over time, IT significantly reduces energy consumption. Finally, we find that the effect of IT on renewable energy consumption is not robust. Overall, our results point out the need to have environmental considerations in designing macroeconomic policies to foster the ecological transition.”

On cross-country:

• Housing affordability lowest in Greek, Danish, and German cities – Oxford Economics
• Why rents are out of control. Rich-world tenants are angry, and have reason to be – The Economist
• If you can’t find a place to rent, blame the government. Foolish crusades against landlords have made housing shortages worse – The Economist
• Los precios de la vivienda en Europa se reactivan por el giro en la política monetaria – CaixaBank

Working papers and conferences:

• Institutional ownership of single-family housing – Marginal Revolution
• New Data and Insights in Regional and Urban Economics – NBER
• Supply Constraints do not Explain House Price and Quantity Growth Across U.S. Cities – NBER 
• Mortgage-Backed Securities – Philadelphia Fed
• Does Income Inequality Affect Housing Affordability? Evidence From OECD Countries – HAL
• The Impact of Opportunity Zones on Housing Supply – Economic Innovation Group 
• From Housing Gains to Pension Losses: New Methods to Reveal Wealth Inequality Dynamics in Chile – SSRN
• Jue Insight: When the Neighbors are Watching: Immigrant Integration Policy and Housing Wealth – SSRN
• Demographics and Housing Demand: Evidence from China – SSRN

On the US—developments on house prices, rent, permits and mortgage:    

• The Case-Shiller Home Price Index Hits Another New Record High, Thank the Fed – Mish Talk
• Housing market map: Zillow once again downgrades its 2025 home price forecast. Zillow projects that U.S. home prices will rise just 0.8% between February 2025 and February 2026. – Fast Company
• Mortgage Rates Hold Steady, Land at 6.65% – Realtor.com
• Mortgage Rates Rise Today as Trump’s Tariff Threats Drive Economic Uncertainty – Realtor.com
• Mortgage Applications Decrease in Latest MBA Weekly Survey – Mortgage Bankers Association
• Trump team shakes up mortgage giants as it weighs their futures. This week, the Federal Housing Finance Agency took the unexpected step of overhauling the boards of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. – Washington Post
• A Secret Mortgage Blacklist Is Leaving Homeowners Stuck With Unsellable Condos. Fewer homes can get Fannie Mae-backed mortgages, a response to Surfside condo collapse and insurance crunch – Wall Street Journal
• How Trump is providing an unexpected boost to the housing market. Any revival of the market would be a welcome development for Trump as consumer confidence falters in the early days of his administration. – Politico
• 3rd Look at Local Housing Markets in February – Calculated Risk
• Lawler: Early Read on Existing Home Sales in February. Recent Rent Trends at Two Large Publicly Traded Companies in the Single-Family Rental Business – Calculated Risk
• Regional differences in building permits – FRED
• Softwood Lumber Prices Continue to Lead Price Growth for Building Materials – NAHB
• Single-Family Housing Starts Hit 12-Month High in February – NAHB
• Housing Starts Increased to 1.501 million Annual Rate in February. Length of Time from Start to Completion Declined in 2024 – Calculated Risk
• California Home Sales Up 2.6% YoY in February; 4th Look at Local Housing Markets – Calculated Risk
• NAR: Existing-Home Sales Increased to 4.26 million SAAR in February; Down 1.2% YoY. Median House Prices Increased 3.8% Year-over-Year – Calculated Risk
• Existing Home Sales Increased in February – NAHB
• US homebuilding, manufacturing surge; tariffs cast pall over recovery – Reuters
• Builder Confidence Falls on Cost Uncertainty – NAHB
• Remodeling Soars to New Heights, but Industry Faces Numerous Challenges – Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies
• Is the UK Housing Plan a Model for the US? What combining YIMBYism and government-led housing looks like – The New Urban Order
• Chinese towers and American blocks. China builds towers in a park, while America, and nearly everyone else, builds squat mid-rise blocks. The difference comes down to regulation, not culture. – Works in Progress
• Real Estate Asset Value Falls Again – NAHB
• Q4 Update: Delinquencies, Foreclosures and REO. REO: lender Real Estate Owned – Calculated Risk
• Good News for Homebuyers—It’s a Friendlier Market as Sellers Get Ready for Spring – Realtor.com
• The Challenge of Selling High-End Homes in America’s Disaster Zones. Marketing real-estate in areas ravaged by hurricanes, fires, floods and landslides can be tricky—especially when it comes to striking a balance between promotion and reality – Wall Street Journal
• Houston’s housing success: A model for cities. Evidence from Houston suggests that a decentralized regulatory climate has fostered a housing market capable of effectively adjusting to price pressure. – Reason Foundation

On the US—other developments:    

• Book review: “Abundance”. In which Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson offer a whole new way of thinking about political economy. – Noahpinion
• Ezra Klein on the Abundance Agenda (Ep. 236). Politics Got Weird—Can Abundance Make It Normal Again? – Conversation with Tyler
• Global Influx, Local Exodus: The New Geography of American Growth. What the latest Census Bureau population data tells us about people and cities – Home Economics
• The “Home ATM” Mostly Closed in Q4. Total Mortgage Equity Withdrawal (MEW) was Slightly Positive in Q4 – Calculated Risk
• Federal Agency Pauses Program for Energy-Efficient Upgrades in Affordable Housing. The Department of Housing and Urban Development said it was reviewing all aspects of the Biden-era program to ensure it was carried out consistent with the agency’s core mission. – New York Times
• Metro Monitor 2025: Growth and affordability trends in US metro areas over the past decade – Brookings
• Housing market squeeze: Income needed to buy typical U.S. home up 79% in 5 years. The problem is that incomes haven’t kept up with housing costs. – Fast Company
• Federal Land Can Be Home Sweet Home. Our departments will work together to solve the housing crisis. – Wall Street Journal
• Land-Use Regulations Make Housing Less Affordable – Cato
• Solving the Housing Crisis: A Symposium – The University of Texas at Austin
• Home Sellers and Buyers Accuse Realtors of Blocking Lower Fees. A year after a landmark settlement called for a disruption in how real estate agents are paid, people say they still feel forced to pay them excessive commissions. – New York Times
• Rising Fears of a Recession and Stagflation: Should Homeowners Be Concerned? – Realtor.com
• Black Homeownership Sees Largest Annual Surge but Lags Behind Other Groups – Realtor.com
• Mortgage Giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Brace for Job Cuts. William Pulte, the new director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, is consolidating control over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and questioning employees’ productivity. – New York Times

On China:

• China’s Shenzhen Further Eases Loan Policy to Spur Housing Sales – Bloomberg

On Australia and New Zealand:

• [Australia] The Sydney suburbs where house values are falling fastest right now – The Sydney Morning Herald
• [Australia] We DON’T KNOW if housing construction productivity is RISING or FALLING (Part I). What we got from Australia’s Productivity Commission recently were silly methods without sound economic logic – Fresh Economic Thinking
• [New Zealand] Interest rate cuts don’t mean house prices are taking off, sellers told – RNZ
• [New Zealand] NZ house prices rise in February on improved buyer interest, REINZ says – Reuters

On other countries:  

• [Canada] Canadian home sales post biggest decline in nearly three years – Reuters
• [Germany] Berlin debt splurge turns screws on flagging German property – Reuters
• [Hong Kong] Hong Kong anti-corruption agency arrests 22 people over HK$2 million mortgage fee fraud. Eighteen bank staff among those accused of taking bribes from intermediary to defraud institution of referral fees in mortgage loan applications – South China Morning Post
• [Hungary] No stability risk from investor-fuelled Hungarian house price surge, central bank says – Reuters
• [Ireland] Tánaiste says projections on housing completions ‘not exact science’ as Central Bank cuts forecast for housing supply. Officials expect Government to miss key targets on new homes for the next three years – Irish Independent
• [Spain] Spain’s top court backs Barcelona’s plan to ban holiday apartments – Reuters
• [Spain] Se afianza la tendencia alcista en el mercado inmobiliario español – CaixaBank
• [Spain] El ciclo expansivo del mercado inmobiliario se extiende por la geografía Española – CaixaBank
• [United Kingdom] London’s Luxury Housing Shortage Pushes Posh Buyers Into Fixer Uppers. A lack of supply at the top of the market means wealthy buyers are willing to commit to costly construction projects for the first time in years. – Bloomberg
• [United Kingdom] Britain Needs a Housing Boom. Here’s How. New policies to simplify and speed planning permissions will help. But they don’t go far enough. – Bloomberg
• [United Kingdom] U.K. House Prices Rise in March as Buyers Benefit From Ample Choice. New sellers were 8% higher than last year, Rightmove said – Wall Street Journal
• [United Kingdom] Buyers’ property market looms in UK amid record numbers of homes for sale. Decade-high level despite rush to beat stamp duty deadline will push sellers to restrict price rises, says Rightmove – The Guardian
• [United Kingdom] London Homebuyers in Last Ditch Effort to Dodge Stamp Duty Hike. Many first-time buyers are rushing to get on the property ladder before the new levy comes into effect on April 1. – Bloomberg
• [United Kingdom] Why is top-tier renting on the rise in London? Despite paying upwards of £5,000 per week, many of the capital’s most affluent residents are choosing not to buy, but to rent – FT

From a paper by Zhiwei Xu, Jianpo Xue, and Zhewei Zhang:

“This paper studies how uncertainty shocks shape consumption distribution in a quantitative model with heterogeneous agents and endogenous economic uncertainty. Our findings suggest that the measure of consumption inequality rises to an income uncertainty shock. This is primarily attributed to the heterogeneous liquidity demand elasticity on uncertainty across households. More specifically, the elasticity is higher for those from low-income families. Therefore, the consumption of households with low disposable income levels appears to be more adversely affected by uncertainty shocks relative to those with high disposable income. Besides, this paper highlights that the distributional effect amplifies the adverse impact of uncertainty on consumption. The policy analysis suggests that increasing the supply of liquid assets can effectively stimulate demand and reduce consumption inequality in response to uncertainty shocks.”

From a paper by Claudio Borio and Matthieu Chavaz:

“Recent and upcoming reviews of monetary policy frameworks have been putting the spotlight on
the evolution of inflation targeting. This article provides context by using a new database of
changes to the inflation targeting frameworks of 26 central banks since 1990. We use the data
to track changes in the frameworks’ flexibility in terms of the specification of the inflation target
and the role of other objectives, ie employment (or output) and financial stability. While the
specification of the numerical targets has become stricter (eg points rather than ranges), greater
flexibility has taken the form of less strict / longer horizons to achieve them and more weight on
other objectives, especially employment/output. These trends are typically more pronounced in
advanced economies and have widened differences with their emerging market peers.”

From a paper by Dong Jin Lee, Joon-Ho Hahm, and C yn-Young Park:

“This paper investigates the relationship between monetary policy and economic inequalities in
the Republic of Korea. We consider both domestic and external monetary conditions in the analysis, allowing us to examine their varied impacts on income and wealth inequalities. Using data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey and the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, we find that an expansionary domestic monetary policy shock tends to reduce income inequality, while its effect on net wealth inequality is negligible. Conversely, an expansionary external liquidity shock, as indicated by unanticipated net capital inflows, tends to reduce income inequality but exacerbates net asset inequality. These findings suggest that both domestic monetary policy and external liquidity shocks affect economic inequalities, but through different channels.”