The Unassuming Economist

From a paper by Barbara Binder:

“The dissertation examines the impact of minimum wages on the development of income inequality in the USA from 1989 to 2018. In many post-industrial societies, income inequality in terms of disposable household income has risen significantly in recent decades. Since labor income is the primary income source for households in these societies, changes in wage structures can substantially influence household income distribution. Skepticism regarding minimum wages as a social policy tool remains high and is a subject of intense debate in both academia and politics.
In the USA, statutory minimum wages have increased in the median over the studied period due to state-level minimum wage hikes. Additionally, significant changes in social structure have had profound effects on the labor market and on the composition and income situations of households with minimum wage earners. Minimum wage earners are increasingly the primary contributors to household income, thus significantly determining household welfare. Concurrently, the U.S. welfare state has shifted towards targeting working individuals and their households. The income tax system has become one of the most important forms of government support, with tax refunds serving as an additional income source for households with low to moderate labor incomes. The study hypothesizes that the improved income situation of households with minimum wage earners has contributed to an increase in quantile values in the lower household income range, thereby reducing net household income inequality.
The analysis uses decompositions of unconditional quantile regressions to examine the contribution of households with minimum wage earners to changes in quantile values across the lower half of the income distribution. Various income concepts for measuring inequality and different model specifications are applied.
The results show that households with minimum wage earners, due to their improved income situations, significantly contributed to a slight increase of 1 to 2 percent in quantile values between the third and eighth percentiles of the overall population’s net household income distribution, thereby slightly reducing income inequality. This effect is somewhat stronger when households with minimum wage earners also benefit from tax refunds. These positive contributions fall below the commonly considered poverty threshold and are therefore often overlooked. Changes in redistribution systems over time did not affect the contribution of households with minimum wage earners to the income distribution. The inequality of household labor income is more strongly associated with the improved income situation of households with minimum wage earners, as quantile values in the lower range increased by approximately 5 percent. Interactions with redistribution systems thus persist, and the influence of minimum wages is mitigated when broader income concepts are considered.
These findings offer valuable insights for the discussion on the role of minimum wage policy in income inequality and its interaction with long-term developments in labor markets, welfare states, and the social structures of nations.”